全新版本Spring Security,这样用才够优雅!
Spring Security 也升级到了5.7.1 后发现,原来一直在用的Spring Security配置方法,居然已经被弃用了。不禁感慨技术更新真快,用着用着就被弃用了!今天带大家体验下Spring Security的最新用法,看看是不是够优雅!
SpringBoot实战电商项目mall(50k+star)地址:github.com/macrozheng/…
基本使用
我们先对比下Spring Security提供的基本功能登录认证,来看看新版用法是不是更好。
升级版本
首先修改项目的pom.xml文件,把Spring Boot版本升级至2.7.0版本。
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.7.0</version> <relativePath/> </parent>
旧用法
在Spring Boot 2.7.0 之前的版本中,我们需要写个配置类继承WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter,然后重写Adapter中的三个方法进行配置;
/** * SpringSecurity的配置 * Created by macro on 2018/4/26. */ @Configuration @EnableWebSecurity @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true) public class OldSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired private UmsAdminService adminService; @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity httpSecurity) throws Exception { //省略HttpSecurity的配置 } @Override protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception { auth.userDetailsService(userDetailsService()) .passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder()); } @Bean @Override public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception { return super.authenticationManagerBean(); } }
如果你在SpringBoot 2.7.0版本中进行使用的话,你就会发现WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter已经被弃用了,看样子Spring Security要坚决放弃这种用法了!
新用法
新用法非常简单,无需再继承WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter,只需直接声明配置类,再配置一个生成SecurityFilterChainBean的方法,把原来的HttpSecurity配置移动到该方法中即可。
/** * SpringSecurity 5.4.x以上新用法配置 * 为避免循环依赖,仅用于配置HttpSecurity * Created by macro on 2022/5/19. */ @Configuration public class SecurityConfig { @Bean SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity httpSecurity) throws Exception { //省略HttpSecurity的配置 return httpSecurity.build(); } }
新用法感觉非常简洁干脆,避免了继承WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter并重写方法的操作,强烈建议大家更新一波!
高级使用
升级 Spring Boot 2.7.0版本后,Spring Security对于配置方法有了大的更改,那么其他使用有没有影响呢?其实是没啥影响的,这里再聊聊如何使用Spring Security实现动态权限控制!
基于方法的动态权限
首先来聊聊基于方法的动态权限控制,这种方式虽然实现简单,但却有一定的弊端。
在配置类上使用@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity来开启它;
/** * SpringSecurity的配置 * Created by macro on 2018/4/26. */ @Configuration @EnableWebSecurity @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true) public class OldSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { }
然后在方法中使用@PreAuthorize配置访问接口需要的权限;
/** * 商品管理Controller * Created by macro on 2018/4/26. */ @Controller @Api(tags = "PmsProductController", description = "商品管理") @RequestMapping("/product") public class PmsProductController { @Autowired private PmsProductService productService; @ApiOperation("创建商品") @RequestMapping(value = "/create", method = RequestMethod.POST) @ResponseBody @PreAuthorize("hasAuthority('pms:product:create')") public CommonResult create(@RequestBody PmsProductParam productParam, BindingResult bindingResult) { int count = productService.create(productParam); if (count > 0) { return CommonResult.success(count); } else { return CommonResult.failed(); } } }
再从数据库中查询出用户所拥有的权限值设置到UserDetails对象中去,这种做法虽然实现方便,但是把权限值写死在了方法上,并不是一种优雅的做法。
/** * UmsAdminService实现类 * Created by macro on 2018/4/26. */ @Service public class UmsAdminServiceImpl implements UmsAdminService { @Override public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username){ //获取用户信息 UmsAdmin admin = getAdminByUsername(username); if (admin != null) { ListpermissionList = getPermissionList(admin.getId()); return new AdminUserDetails(admin,permissionList); } throw new UsernameNotFoundException("用户名或密码错误"); } }
基于路径的动态权限
其实每个接口对应的路径都是唯一的,通过路径来进行接口的权限控制才是更优雅的方式。
首先我们需要创建一个动态权限的过滤器,这里注意下doFilter方法,用于配置放行OPTIONS和白名单请求,它会调用super.beforeInvocation(fi)方法,此方法将调用AccessDecisionManager中的decide方法来进行鉴权操作;
/** * 动态权限过滤器,用于实现基于路径的动态权限过滤 * Created by macro on 2020/2/7. */ public class DynamicSecurityFilter extends AbstractSecurityInterceptor implements Filter { @Autowired private DynamicSecurityMetadataSource dynamicSecurityMetadataSource; @Autowired private IgnoreUrlsConfig ignoreUrlsConfig; @Autowired public void setMyAccessDecisionManager(DynamicAccessDecisionManager dynamicAccessDecisionManager) { super.setAccessDecisionManager(dynamicAccessDecisionManager); } @Override public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest; FilterInvocation fi = new FilterInvocation(servletRequest, servletResponse, filterChain); //OPTIONS请求直接放行 if(request.getMethod().equals(HttpMethod.OPTIONS.toString())){ fi.getChain().doFilter(fi.getRequest(), fi.getResponse()); return; } //白名单请求直接放行 PathMatcher pathMatcher = new AntPathMatcher(); for (String path : ignoreUrlsConfig.getUrls()) { if(pathMatcher.match(path,request.getRequestURI())){ fi.getChain().doFilter(fi.getRequest(), fi.getResponse()); return; } } //此处会调用AccessDecisionManager中的decide方法进行鉴权操作 InterceptorStatusToken token = super.beforeInvocation(fi); try { fi.getChain().doFilter(fi.getRequest(), fi.getResponse()); } finally { super.afterInvocation(token, null); } } @Override public void destroy() { } @Override public Class> getSecureObjectClass() { return FilterInvocation.class; } @Override public SecurityMetadataSource obtainSecurityMetadataSource() { return dynamicSecurityMetadataSource; } }
接下来我们就需要创建一个类来继承AccessDecisionManager,通过decide方法对访问接口所需权限和用户拥有的权限进行匹配,匹配则放行;
/** * 动态权限决策管理器,用于判断用户是否有访问权限 * Created by macro on 2020/2/7. */ public class DynamicAccessDecisionManager implements AccessDecisionManager { @Override public void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object, CollectionconfigAttributes) throws AccessDeniedException, InsufficientAuthenticationException { // 当接口未被配置资源时直接放行 if (CollUtil.isEmpty(configAttributes)) { return; } Iterator iterator = configAttributes.iterator(); while (iterator.hasNext()) { ConfigAttribute configAttribute = iterator.next(); //将访问所需资源或用户拥有资源进行比对 String needAuthority = configAttribute.getAttribute(); for (GrantedAuthority grantedAuthority : authentication.getAuthorities()) { if (needAuthority.trim().equals(grantedAuthority.getAuthority())) { return; } } } throw new AccessDeniedException("抱歉,您没有访问权限"); } @Override public boolean supports(ConfigAttribute configAttribute) { return true; } @Override public boolean supports(Class> aClass) { return true; } }
由于上面的decide方法中的configAttributes属性是从FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource的getAttributes方法中获取的,我们还需创建一个类继承它,getAttributes方法可用于获取访问当前路径所需权限值;
/** * 动态权限数据源,用于获取动态权限规则 * Created by macro on 2020/2/7. */ public class DynamicSecurityMetadataSource implements FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource { private static MapconfigAttributeMap = null; @Autowired private DynamicSecurityService dynamicSecurityService; @PostConstruct public void loadDataSource() { configAttributeMap = dynamicSecurityService.loadDataSource(); } public void clearDataSource() { configAttributeMap.clear(); configAttributeMap = null; } @Override public Collection getAttributes(Object o) throws IllegalArgumentException { if (configAttributeMap == null) this.loadDataSource(); List configAttributes = new ArrayList<>(); //获取当前访问的路径 String url = ((FilterInvocation) o).getRequestUrl(); String path = URLUtil.getPath(url); PathMatcher pathMatcher = new AntPathMatcher(); Iterator iterator = configAttributeMap.keySet().iterator(); //获取访问该路径所需资源 while (iterator.hasNext()) { String pattern = iterator.next(); if (pathMatcher.match(pattern, path)) { configAttributes.add(configAttributeMap.get(pattern)); } } // 未设置操作请求权限,返回空集合 return configAttributes; } @Override public Collection getAllConfigAttributes() { return null; } @Override public boolean supports(Class> aClass) { return true; } }
这里需要注意的是,所有路径对应的权限值数据来自于自定义的DynamicSecurityService;
/** * 动态权限相关业务类 * Created by macro on 2020/2/7. */ public interface DynamicSecurityService { /** * 加载资源ANT通配符和资源对应MAP */ MaploadDataSource(); }
一切准备就绪,把动态权限过滤器添加到FilterSecurityInterceptor之前;
/** * SpringSecurity 5.4.x以上新用法配置 * 为避免循环依赖,仅用于配置HttpSecurity * Created by macro on 2022/5/19. */ @Configuration public class SecurityConfig { @Autowired private DynamicSecurityService dynamicSecurityService; @Autowired private DynamicSecurityFilter dynamicSecurityFilter; @Bean SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity httpSecurity) throws Exception { //省略若干配置... //有动态权限配置时添加动态权限校验过滤器 if(dynamicSecurityService!=null){ registry.and().addFilterBefore(dynamicSecurityFilter, FilterSecurityInterceptor.class); } return httpSecurity.build(); } }
如果你看过这篇仅需四步,整合SpringSecurity+JWT实现登录认证 ! 的话,就知道应该要配置这两个Bean了,一个负责获取登录用户信息,另一个负责获取存储的动态权限规则,为了适应Spring Security的新用法,我们不再继承SecurityConfig,简洁了不少!
/** * mall-security模块相关配置 * 自定义配置,用于配置如何获取用户信息及动态权限 * Created by macro on 2022/5/20. */ @Configuration public class MallSecurityConfig { @Autowired private UmsAdminService adminService; @Bean public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() { //获取登录用户信息 return username -> { AdminUserDetails admin = adminService.getAdminByUsername(username); if (admin != null) { return admin; } throw new UsernameNotFoundException("用户名或密码错误"); }; } @Bean public DynamicSecurityService dynamicSecurityService() { return new DynamicSecurityService() { @Override public MaploadDataSource() { Map map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); List resourceList = adminService.getResourceList(); for (UmsResource resource : resourceList) { map.put(resource.getUrl(), new org.springframework.security.access.SecurityConfig(resource.getId() + ":" + resource.getName())); } return map; } }; } }
效果测试
接下来启动我们的示例项目mall-tiny-security,使用如下账号密码登录,该账号只配置了访问/brand/listAll的权限,访问地址:http://localhost:8088/swagger-ui/